Wireshark - 0.99.7 User's Guide

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Summary of Contents

Page 1 - 24295 for Wireshark 0.99.7

Wireshark Developer's Guide24295 for Wireshark 0.99.7Ulf Lamping,

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3. AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the whole Wireshark team for their assistance. In particular, the au-thors would like to thank:• Ge

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Part II. Wireshark Development(incomplete)Part I. Wireshark Build EnvironmentThe first part describes how to set up the tools, libraries and source ne

Page 4 - Table of Contents

Chapter 6. How Wireshark Works6.1. IntroductionThis chapter will give you a short overview of how Wireshark works.87

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6.2. OverviewThe following will give you a simplified overview of Wiresharks function blocks:Figure 6.1. Wireshark function blocks.The function blocks

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Core Main "glue code" that holds the other blocks together. Sourcecode can be found in the root directory.Epan Ethereal Packet ANalyzer (XXX

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6.3. Capturing packetsCapturing will take packets from a network adapter, and save them to a file on your harddisk.To hide all the lowlevel machine de

Page 8 - 1. Foreword

6.4. Capture FilesWireshark can read and write capture files in its natural file format, the libpcap format, which isused by many other network captur

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6.5. Dissect packetsWhile Wireshark is loading packets from a file, each packet is dissected. Wireshark tries to detectthe packet type and gets as muc

Page 10 - 3. Acknowledgements

How Wireshark Works93

Page 11 - 4. About this document

Chapter 7. Introduction7.1. Source overviewWireshark consists of the following major parts:• Packet dissection - in the /epan/dissector and /plugin/*

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7.2. Coding styleguidesThe coding styleguides for Wireshark can be found in the "Code style" section of the file doc/README.developer.Introd

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4. About this documentThis book was developed by Ulf Lamping.It is written in DocBook/XML.You will find some specially marked parts in this book:This

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7.3. The GLib libraryGlib is used as a basic platform abstraction library, it's not related to GUI things.To quote the Glib documentation: “GLib

Page 16 - Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 8. Packet capturingXXX - this chapter has to be reviewed and extended!8.1. How to add a new capture type to libpcapThe following is an excerpt

Page 18 - 1.3.2. Linux

Chapter 9. Packet dissection9.1. How it worksEach dissector decodes its part of the protocol, and then hands off decoding to subsequent dissectorsfor

Page 19 - 1.3.3. Microsoft Windows

9.2. Adding a basic dissectorLet's step through adding a basic dissector. We'll start with the made up "foo" protocol. It consists

Page 20 - Wireshark

Next a dissector reference that we'll initialise later.Now we have the basics in place to interact with the main program, we had better fill in t

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In order to compile this dissector and create a plugin a couple of support files are required, besidesthe dissector source in packet-foo.c:• Makefile.

Page 22 - 1.5.1. Binary distributions

FALSE we'll ignore for now.After this change, there should be a label in the detailed display for the protocol, and selecting thiswill highlight

Page 23 - 1.6.1. Advantages

}Now the dissection is starting to look more interesting. We have picked apart our first bit of the pro-tocol. One byte of data at the start of the pa

Page 24 - 1.7.5. Mailing Lists

5. Where to get the latest copy of thisdocument?The latest copy of this documentation can always be found at: http://www.wireshark.org/docs/ inPDF (A4

Page 25 - 1.7.7. Reporting Problems

proto_tree_add_item(foo_tree, hf_foo_pdu_type, tvb, offset, 1, FALSE); offset += 1;proto_tree_add_item(foo_tree, hf_foo_flags, tvb, offset, 1, FALSE);

Page 26 - Don't send large files!

},{ &hf_foo_endflag,{ "FOO PDU End Flags", "foo.flags.end",FT_BOOLEAN, 8,NULL, FOO_END_FLAG,NULL, HFILL }},{ &hf_foo_prior

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arly we append this data to the base of our dissecting tree.Packet dissection108

Page 28 - Chapter 2. Quick Setup

9.3. How to handle transformed dataSome protocols do clever things with data. They might possibly encrypt the data, or compress data,or part of it. If

Page 29 - 2.2.2. Install Cygwin

9.4. How to reassemble split packetsSome protocols have times when they have to split a large packet across multiple other packets. Inthis case the di

Page 30 - 2.2.3. Install Python

• The provided packet info.• The sequence number of the fragment stream. There may be several streams of fragments inflight, and this is used to key t

Page 31 - 2.2.7. Verify installed tools

{fragment_table_init(&msg_fragment_table);reassembled_table_init(&msg_reassembled_table);}First a couple of hash tables are declared, and thes

Page 32 - 2.2.10. Build Wireshark

&ett_msg_fragment,&ett_msg_fragments...These hf variables are used internally within the reassembly routines to make useful links, and toadd d

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whenever a message has been reassembled.The parameters tvb, pinfo and tree are just handed over to tcp_dissect_pdus(). The 4thparameter is a flag to i

Page 34 - Quick Setup

9.5. How to tap protocolsAdding a Tap interface to a protocol allows it to do some useful things. In particular you can pro-duce protocol statistics f

Page 35 - 3.1. Introduction

6. Providing feedback about this documentShould you have any feedback about this document, please send it to the authors through wireshark-dev[AT]wire

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9.6. How to produce protocol statsGiven that you have a tap interface for the protocol, you can use this to produce some interestingstatistics (well p

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In this case we create a new tree node, to handle the total packets, and as a child of that we create apivot table to handle the stats about different

Page 38 - 3.3.3. Buildbot Snapshots

9.7. How to use conversationsSome info about how to use conversations in a dissector can be found in the file doc/README.developer chapter 2.2.Packet

Page 40 - 3.4.2. ... from zip files

Chapter 10. User Interface10.1. IntroductionWireshark can be "logically" separated into the backend (dissecting of protocols, file load/save

Page 41 - 3.5. Build Wireshark

10.2. The GTK libraryWireshark is based on the GTK toolkit, see: http://www.gtk.org for details. GTK is designed to hidethe details of the underlying

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Disadvantages:• not available on all platforms (compared to version 1.x)• maybe a bit less stable compared to version 1.x (but should be production st

Page 43 - 3.6. Run generated Wireshark

mentation at: http://gtk.org/api/.Several mailing lists are available about GTK development, see http://gtk.org/mailinglists.html, thegtk-app-devel-li

Page 44 - 3.7.1. Win32 native

10.3. GUI Reference documentsAlthough the GUI development of Wireshark is platform independent, the Wireshark developmentteam tries to follow the GNOM

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10.4. Adding/Extending DialogsThis is usually the main area for contributing new user interface features.XXX: add the various functions from gtk/dlg_u

Page 47 - 3.9.2. Generate a patch

10.5. Widget namingIt seems to be common sense to name the widgets with some descriptive trailing characters, like:• xy_lb = gtk_label_new();• xy_cb =

Page 48 - 3.9.4. Code Requirements

10.6. Common GTK programming pitfallsThere are some common pitfalls in GTK programming.10.6.1. Usage of gtk_widget_show() /gtk_widget_show_all()When a

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User Interface128

Page 50

Appendix A. This Document's License(GPL)As with the original licence and documentation distributed with Wireshark, this document iscovered by the

Page 51 - 3.10.2. CVS diff (obsolete)

either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into anotherlanguage. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation inthe term &quo

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The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work formaking modifications to it. For an executable work, complete sourcecode means all t

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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Programspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "anylater

Page 54 - 3.12. Binary packaging

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.<

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Part I. Wireshark BuildEnvironmentPart I. Wireshark Build EnvironmentThe first part describes how to set up the tools, libraries and source needed to

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Chapter 1. Introduction1.1. IntroductionThis chapter will provide you with information about Wireshark development in general.2

Page 57 - Chapter 4. Tool Reference

1.2. What is Wireshark?Well, if you want to start Wireshark development, you might already know what Wireshark is do-ing. If not, please have a look a

Page 58 - 4.2. Win32: Cygwin

1.3. Platforms Wireshark runs onWireshark currently runs on most UNIX platforms and various Windows platforms. It requiresGTK+, GLib, libpcap and some

Page 59 - Win32: Warn!

• Suse Linux1.3.3. Microsoft WindowsThanks to the Win32 API, development on all Windows platforms will be done in a very similarway. All Windows platf

Page 60 - 4.3.4. make (GNU Make)

Wireshark Developer's Guide:24295 for Wireshark 0.99.7by Ulf LampingCopyright © 2004-2007 Ulf LampingPermission is granted to copy, distribute an

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1.4. Development and maintenance ofWiresharkWireshark was initially developed by Gerald Combs. Ongoing development and maintenance ofWireshark is hand

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with Wireshark. So if Wireshark is updated (which is done often), you can get a new Wiresharkversion from the website and your changes will already be

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1.5. Releases and distributionsThe officially released files can be found at: http://www.wireshark.org/download/. A new Wiresharkversion is released a

Page 64 - 4.4.3. cl.exe (C Compiler)

1.6. Automated Builds (Buildbot)The Wireshark Buildbot automatically rebuilds Wireshark on every change of the source code re-pository and indicates p

Page 65 - 4.4.5. link.exe (Linker)

1.7. Reporting problems and getting helpIf you have problems, or need help with Wireshark, there are several places that may be of interestto you (wel

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wireshark-announce This mailing list will inform you about new program releases, whichusually appear about every 4-8 weeks.wireshark-users This list i

Page 67 - 4.4.8. HTML Help

and after it, if there are some), so others may find the build step where things go wrong. Pleasedon't give something like: "I get a warning

Page 69 - 4.5. bash

Chapter 2. Quick Setup2.1. UNIX: InstallationAll the tools required are usually installed on a UNIX developer machine.If a tool is not already install

Page 70 - 4.6. python

2.2. Win32: Step-by-Step GuideA quick setup guide for Win32 with recommended configuration.Warning!Unless you know exactly what you are doing, you sho

Page 72 - 4.8. sed

• Utils/patch• Web/wgetAfter clicking the Next button several times, the setup will then download and install the selectedpackages (this may take a wh

Page 73 - 4.9. yacc (bison)

c.i. URL of repository: " ht-tp://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/"ii. Checkout directory: "C:\wireshark"d. TortoiseSVN migh

Page 74 - 4.10. flex

Warning!You will need the Wireshark sources and some tools (nmake, bash) installed, beforethis verification is able to work.Enter at the command line

Page 75 - 4.11.2. Win32 native: svn

Now it's time to build Wireshark ...1. If you've closed cmd.exe in the meantime, prepare cmd.exe again2. nmake -f Makefile.nmake all to buil

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Quick Setup20

Page 77 - 4.13. diff (optional)

Chapter 3. Work with the Wiresharksources3.1. IntroductionThis chapter will explain how to work with the Wireshark source code. It will show you how t

Page 78 - 4.14. patch (optional)

3.2. The Wireshark Subversion repositorySubversion is used to keep track of the changes made to the Wireshark source code. The Wiresharksource code is

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http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/viewvc/viewvc.cgi/.Of special interest might be the subdirectories:• trunk - the very latest source files• releases - the

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3.3. Obtain the Wireshark sourcesThere are several ways to obtain the sources from Wireshark's Subversion server.Anonymous Subversion access is r

Page 81 - 4.17. Win32: NSIS (optional)

source code change is committed. These snapshots can be found at: http:/ / www.wireshark.org/download/automated/src/.If anonymous Subversion access is

Page 82 - Tool Reference

Table of ContentsPreface ... viii1. Foreword

Page 83 - Chapter 5. Library Reference

3.4. Update the Wireshark sourcesAfter you've obtained the Wireshark sources for the first time, you might want to keep them in syncwith the sour

Page 84 - 5.2. Binary library formats

3.5. Build WiresharkThe sources contain several documentation files, it's a good idea to look at these files first.So after obtaining the sources

Page 85 - 5.3.1. Initial download

other files in the root directory.Work with the Wireshark sources28

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3.6. Run generated WiresharkTip!An already installed Wireshark may interfere with your newly generated version invarious ways. If you have any problem

Page 87 - 5.4.2. Win32 MSVC

3.7. Debug your generated WiresharkSee the above info on running Wireshark.XXX - add more info here.3.7.1. Win32 nativeXXX - add more info here.Work w

Page 88 - 5.5. Net-SNMP (optional)

3.8. Make changes to the Wireshark sourcesAs the Wireshark developers are working on many different platforms, a lot of editors are used todevelop Wir

Page 89 - 5.6. GNU adns (optional)

3.9. Contribute your changesIf you have finished changing the Wireshark sources to suit your needs, you might want to contrib-ute your changes back to

Page 90 - 5.7. PCRE (optional)

tool to find the right place(s) to change in the existing sources.3.9.2. Generate a patchThere are several ways to generate patches. The preferred way

Page 91 - 5.8. zlib (optional)

temporary files which might be otherwise included in the diff. After doing the diff, you should editthe foo.diff file and remove unnecessary things, l

Page 92 - 5.9.2. Win32 MSVC: WinPcap

The core maintainers have done a lot of work fixing bugs and making code compile on the variousplatforms Wireshark supports.To ensure Wireshark's

Page 93 - 5.10. GnuTLS (optional)

3.3.3. Buildbot Snapshots ...243.3.4. Released sources ...

Page 94 - 5.11. Gcrypt (optional)

• You don't get any reponse to your patch (even after a few days or so). Possible reason: yourpatch might simply get lost, as all core maintainer

Page 95 - 5.12. Kerberos (optional)

3.10. Apply a patch from someone elseSometimes you need to apply a patch to your private source tree. Maybe because you want to try apatch from someon

Page 96 - 5.13. LUA (optional)

"missing" subdirectory.For "cvs diff -c" or "cvs diff -u" diffs, there's a Python script "cvsdiff-fix.py"

Page 97 - 5.14. PortAudio (optional)

3.11. Add a new file to the SubversionrepositoryThe "usual" way to commit new files is described in Section 3.9, “Contribute your changes”.H

Page 98

3.12. Binary packagingDelivering binary packages, makes it much easier for the end-users to install Wireshark on their tar-get system. This section wi

Page 99 - Library Reference

Tip!Please be patient while the compression is done, it will take some time (a fewminutes!) even on fast machines.If everything went well, you will no

Page 100 - (incomplete)

Work with the Wireshark sources42

Page 101 - 6.1. Introduction

Chapter 4. Tool Reference4.1. IntroductionThis chapter will provide you with information about the various tools needed for Wireshark devel-opment.Non

Page 102 - 6.2. Overview

4.2. Win32: CygwinCygwin provides a lot of UNIX based tools on the Win32 platform. It uses a UNIX emulation layerwhich might be a bit slower compared

Page 103

4.3. GNU compiler toolchain (UNIX or Win32Cygwin)4.3.1. gcc (GNU compiler collection)Win32: Warn!Using Cygwin gcc to compile Wireshark is "EXPERT

Page 104 - 6.3. Capturing packets

4.11. Subversion (SVN) client (optional) ...614.11.1. UNIX or Win32 Cygwin: svn ...

Page 105 - 6.4. Capture Files

debuggers), so you have to install GDB first. It is available for many UNIX-like platforms and asthe ddd package from the Cygwin setup.If GNU DDD isn&

Page 106 - 6.5. Dissect packets

4.4. Microsoft compiler toolchain (Win32native)To compile Wireshark on Windows using the Microsoft C/C++ compiler, you'll need:1. C compiler (cl.

Page 107 - How Wireshark Works

Visual Stu-dio 6.0Yes Commercial1No2MSVC6 MicrosoftVisual Stu-dio\VC98\Bin\vcvars32.bat-Visual Stu-dio .NET(2002)Yes Commercial1MSVC2002 MicrosoftVisu

Page 108 - Chapter 7. Introduction

.NET Frame-work SDKversion 1.0aNo Free Down-(104MBload)Free Down-load(420MB)DOTNET10 Mi-crosoft.NET\Frame-workS-DK\Bin\corvars.batcan't buildsetu

Page 109 - 7.2. Coding styleguides

using newer versions of Visual Studio. This FUD essentially stems from two misconceptions:1. Unfortunately, it is believed by many that the Microsoft

Page 110 - 7.3. The GLib library

Visual Studio 2008 Ex-press Edition(Code Name "Orcas")After correct installation of the toolchain, typing at the command line prompt (cmd.ex

Page 111 - Introduction

on the users machine.MSVC6 was using msvcrt.dll, which is already available on all recent windows systems - no need toredistribute anything. Starting

Page 112 - Chapter 8. Packet capturing

smallest package). As MSVC2005EE and DOTNET20 doesn't provide the folder "Mi-crosoft.VC80.CRT" they use method 3. You'll have to d

Page 113 - Packet capturing

Both files are part of the Platform SDK (standalone PSDK or MSVC since 2002). If you still useMSVC 6, you can get them from the "HTML Help Worksh

Page 114 - Chapter 9. Packet dissection

4.5. bashThe bash shell is needed to run several shell scripts.4.5.1. UNIX or Win32 Cygwin: GNU bashThe bash shell is available for most of the UNIX-l

Page 115 - 9.2. Adding a basic dissector

6.4. Capture Files ...916.5. Dissect packets ...

Page 116 - Example 9.3. Dissection

4.6. pythonPython is an interpreter based programming language. The homepage of the python project is: http://python.org/. Python is used to generate

Page 117

4.7. perlPerl is an interpreter based programming language. The homepage of the perl project is: http:/ /www.perl.com. Perl is used to convert various

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4.8. sedSed it the streaming editor. It makes it easy for example to replace specially marked texts inside asource code file. The Wireshark build proc

Page 119

4.9. yacc (bison)Bison is a free implementation of yacc.4.9.1. UNIX or Win32 Cygwin: bisonBison is available for most of the UNIX-like platforms and a

Page 120

4.10. flexFlex is a free implementation of lexx.4.10.1. UNIX or Win32 Cygwin: flexFlex is available for most of the UNIX-like platforms and as the fle

Page 121

4.11. Subversion (SVN) client (optional)The Wireshark project uses its own Subversion (or short SVN) server to keep track of all thechanges done to th

Page 122 - Packet dissection

4.12. Subversion (SVN) GUI client (optional)Along with the traditional command-line client, several GUI clients are available for a number ofplatforms

Page 123

4.13. diff (optional)Diff is used to get a file of all differences between two source files/trees (sometimes called a patch).The diff tool isn't

Page 124

4.14. patch (optional)The patch utility is used to merge a diff file into your own source tree. This tool is only needed, ifyou want to apply a patch

Page 125

4.15. Win32: GNU wget (optional)GNU wget is used to download files from the internet using the command line.GNU wget is available for most of the UNIX

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Preface1. ForewordThis book tries to give you a guide to start your own experiments into the wonderful world of Wire-shark development.Developers who

Page 127

4.16. Win32: GNU unzip (optional)GNU unzip is used to, well, unzip the zip files downloaded using the wget tool.GNU unzip is available for most of the

Page 128

4.17. Win32: NSIS (optional)The NSIS (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System) is used to generate a wireshark-setup-<version>.exefrom all the files

Page 130

Chapter 5. Library Reference5.1. IntroductionSeveral libraries are needed to build / run Wireshark. Most of the libraries are split into three pack-ag

Page 131

5.2. Binary library formatsBinary libraries are available in different formats, depending on the C compiler used to build it andof course the platform

Page 132 - 9.7. How to use conversations

5.3. Win32: Automated library download5.3.1. Initial downloadYou can download/install all required libraries by using the setup target of the Makefile

Page 133

toplevel, which are the files downloaded the last time(s).Also note that as wget will download only the missing (updated) files, existing zip files in

Page 134 - Chapter 10. User Interface

5.4. GTK+ / GLib / GDK / Pango / ATK / GNUgettext / GNU libiconvThe Glib library is used as a basic platform abstraction library, it's not relate

Page 135 - 10.2. The GTK library

5.5. Net-SNMP (optional)"Various tools relating to the Simple Network Management Protocol"5.5.1. UnixIf this library isn't already inst

Page 136 - #if GTK_MAJOR_VERSION >= 2

5.6. GNU adns (optional)"Advanced, easy to use, asynchronous-capable DNS client library and utilities."5.6.1. UnixIf this library isn't

Page 137

2. Who should read this document?The intended audience of this book is anyone going into the development of Wireshark.This book is not intended to exp

Page 138 - 10.3. GUI Reference documents

5.7. PCRE (optional)"Perl compatible regular expressions"5.7.1. UnixIf this library isn't already installed or available as a package f

Page 139 - User Interface

5.8. zlib (optional)"zlib is designed to be a free, general-purpose, legally unencumbered -- that is, not covered by anypatents -- lossless data-

Page 140 - 10.5. Widget naming

5.9. libpcap/WinPcap (optional)"packet capture library"5.9.1. Unix: libpcapIf this library isn't already installed or available as a pa

Page 141

5.10. GnuTLS (optional)The "GNU Transport Layer Security Library" is used to dissect SSL and TLS protocols (aka: HT-TPS).5.10.1. UnixIf this

Page 142

5.11. Gcrypt (optional)The "Gcrypt Library" is Low-level encryption library and provides support for many ciphers, suchas DES, 3DES, AES, Bl

Page 143

5.12. Kerberos (optional)The Kerberos library is used to dissect Kerberos, sealed DCERPC and secureLDAP protocols.5.12.1. UnixIf this library isn&apos

Page 144

5.13. LUA (optional)The LUA library is used to add scripting support to Wireshark.5.13.1. UnixIf this library isn't already installed or availabl

Page 145

5.14. PortAudio (optional)The PortAudio library enables audio output for RTP streams.5.14.1. UnixIf this library isn't already installed or avail

Page 146

5.15. Win32: GTK WIMP (optional) for GTK 2.xonly"GTK-Wimp ("Windows impersonator") is a GTK theme that blends well into the Windows des

Page 147

Library Reference85

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